Which of the following is NOT depicted by a diamond in meta-analysis?

In the context of a meta-analysis, the diamond shape is commonly used to represent the overall effect size and the associated confidence interval derived from a collection of studies. The width of the diamond indicates the confidence interval, while the central point represents the pooled effect size, which is a summary measure of the effect across studies.

The confidence interval is a statistical range that estimates the reliability and precision of the effect size; it shows the extent of uncertainty around the estimate. Similarly, the main effect refers to the average effect being analyzed and is often illustrated using the central point of the diamond. Effect size captures the strength of the relationship or impact being measured and is also represented at the diamond's center.

However, standard deviation is a statistical measure that describes the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, and it is not represented by a diamond in a meta-analysis. Instead, standard deviation can be expressed in other ways in associated data tables or graphs but does not take the form of the diamond shape used for effect sizes and confidence intervals in the visual displays of meta-analytic results. Therefore, standard deviation is the correct choice for something not depicted by a diamond in this context.