What is the statistical method used to summarize outcomes across multiple primary studies?

The statistical method used to summarize outcomes across multiple primary studies is a meta-analysis. This approach allows researchers to quantitatively combine results from independent research studies that address a shared research question or hypothesis. By doing so, meta-analysis increases statistical power and provides a more reliable estimate of the overall effect or relationship than what might be found in individual studies alone.

Meta-analysis utilizes specific statistical techniques to aggregate data from various studies, considering both the magnitude and direction of effects. This can help identify patterns, discrepancies, and the overall consensus in the literature, as well as examine potential sources of heterogeneity among study results.

While a systematic review also plays an essential role in evidence synthesis by providing a comprehensive and structured review of existing literature, it does not inherently involve statistical methods for summarizing outcomes. It summarizes findings qualitatively. Statistical analysis is a broader term encompassing various methods of analyzing data but doesn’t specifically refer to the synthesis of multiple studies. An empirical study typically refers to primary research conducted to gather data directly through observation or experimentation rather than synthesizing existing data.