What is a systematic review?

A systematic review is defined as a comprehensive synthesis of research studies focusing on a particular clinical question or topic. It involves a structured and methodical approach to search for, evaluate, and summarize the existing evidence on that topic, following predefined criteria to minimize bias. This rigorous process typically includes clear guidelines for inclusion and exclusion of studies, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the studies involved.

By synthesizing findings from multiple studies, a systematic review provides a higher level of evidence that can inform clinical decision-making and practice guidelines. This contrasts with other types of literature reviews or analyses that may lack this systematic approach, such as qualitative analyses focused on individual cases, which do not synthesize evidence across multiple studies, or literature reviews that do not address specific clinical questions. Additionally, opinion pieces do not offer the same level of evidence since they reflect personal views rather than systematic evaluations of research. Thus, a systematic review stands out as a crucial element in evidence-based practice, guiding practitioners with a well-substantiated foundation of knowledge.