What does "sample size" refer to in the context of research?

"Sample size" specifically refers to the number of participants included in a study. This concept is critical in research because the sample size directly impacts the reliability and validity of the study's results. A larger sample size generally provides more reliable estimates of the population parameters and enhances the statistical power of the analysis, allowing for more robust conclusions.

In contrast, other terms relate to different aspects of research. The number of variables included in a study pertains to the specific characteristics or factors being measured, while the duration of the research project refers to the time span from the initiation to the conclusion of the study. Lastly, the amount of data collected for analysis denotes the volume of information gathered but does not specifically indicate the number of participants involved. Therefore, understanding sample size is fundamental for interpreting study outcomes and ensuring the findings are representative of the larger population.