What does random sampling ensure in research?

Random sampling is a foundational concept in research methodology that aims to enhance the validity and reliability of study results. The correct answer emphasizes that random sampling ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. This principle is crucial for mitigating selection bias and increasing the generalizability of findings to the broader population.

When each individual has an equal opportunity to be selected, the resulting sample is more likely to be representative of the entire population, capturing the diversity and various characteristics present. This facilitates accurate statistical analyses and the ability to draw valid conclusions from the data collected.

Other approaches mentioned, such as focusing on specific demographics or predetermined selection methods, inherently introduce bias by favoring certain groups over others. This could skew the results and limit their applicability, ultimately hindering the research's credibility. Similarly, while aiming for representation from key stakeholder groups is important in certain studies, it does not align with the core principle of random sampling, which strives for equality in selection rather than targeted representation.